Position of the Serbian Orthodox Church on the Ukrainian question
Last November the Serbian Orthodox Church was the first among the autocephalous churches to officially react at the highest level, (i.e. the Holy Assembly of Bishops) to the intentions of His Holiness the Patriarch of Constantinople who, according to his own findings and in a self-willed manner wanted to “decide” and “resolve” the church problems in Ukraine as the “first without equals” (primus sine paribus) - and not as the “first among equals” (primus inter pares) which is, in fact, the centuries-old Orthodox ecclesiological and canonical principle - and we pleaded with him not to do so, but rather that he, in fraternal dialogue with the Russian Orthodox Church and in consultation with the other Churches, actually help to resolve this crisis.
Unfortunately, the voice of the Serbian Church has remained a “voice crying in the wilderness”: no response came from Constantinople – just deathly silence. Later, the Holy Synod of the Serbian Church addressed Constantinople with a new appeal not to rush, but to act in the spirit of conciliarity, brotherly love and responsibility not only in regard to the Church in Ukraine, but for Orthodox unity as a whole. The reaction was the same – deadly silence. Then in Thessaloniki His Holiness the Serbian Patriarch personally, verbally, begged His All-Holiness the Patriarch of Constantinople in the same manner – which, unfortunately, resulted in the same. It should be noted that on each occasion the Serbian Church conveyed her position and steps taken to all the other local sister Churches.
After all that the Patriarchate of Constantinople has done in Kiev - and Kiev is, as is well known, “the mother of all Russian cities” - the position of the Serbian Church, which has also been communicated to all the local Orthodox Churches, is the following:
- The Serbian Orthodox Church does not recognize the uncanonical “intrusion” by His Holiness the Patriarch of Constantinople into the canonical territory of the Most Holy Russian Church, given that the Kiev Metropolitanate cannot in any way be identified with the current “Ukraine”, which is made up of dozens of other dioceses. It was transferred to the Moscow Patriarchate in1686, which can be concluded on the basis of documents from Patriarch Dionysius IV of Constantinople, from decisions made by his successors, and by the “Taktika”, “Syntagma”, Diptychs, “Calendars”, and “Almanacs” issued since then, not only by other Churches, but also by the Patriarchate of Constantinople itself, and, furthermore, even from personal statements and declaration made by the current Patriarch of Constantinople, up until April of 2018.
- Also, the Serbian Orthodox Church does not recognize the artificial “confederation” of Ukrainian schismatic groups (which are already opposing each other and are irresistibly heading for division), proclaimed as the “autocephalous Church of Ukraine”, since this church is non-existent canonically, and in reality was forcibly imposed. The schismatics have remained schismatics. Once a schismatic, always a schismatic, except in cases of sincere conversion and profound repentance. The only Church in this given case recognized by the Serbian Church is the Ukrainian Orthodox Church headed by His Beatitude Metropolitan Onufry of Kiev and All Ukraine.
- The Serbian Orthodox Church does not recognize the Kievian, ostensibly “unifying,” council, in which none of the hierarchs of the canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church participated (since a day earlier the titular Metropolitan Alexandar Drabinko and Metropolitan of Vinnitsa Simeon were received into the jurisdiction of the Church of Constantinople, and that without a canonical release from their Church). The whole scenario and everything that took place backstage of this strange gathering, which is not unknown to the public, is a cause for disbelief and sadness in the souls of Orthodox Christians throughout the world. In actuality, this is an anti-unifying pseudo-council which separates and breaks apart and has dug a deeper hole of estrangement and disintegration of society in the unfortunate country of Ukraine. Because of all this, the Serbian Orthodox Church regards its decisions as anti-canonical and not valid, and as such, not binding for the Serbian Orthodox Church.
- The Serbian Orthodox Church does not recognize the schismatic hierarchy as an Orthodox hierarchy, nor the schismatic clergy as Orthodox clergy, given that the members of Denysenko’s group received their “church hypostasis” from a defrocked, excommunicated and anathematized hierarch (this fact was, at the time, recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarch himself), and that the members of the Maletich sect have neither apostolic succession nor priesthood in general. No official decree, no, as they say “stroke of the pen”, can change something which has happened into something that did not happen, nor create something which did not exist. Therefore, the Serbian Orthodox Church does not accept that Mr. Dumenko (called Epiphanius) is a hierarch, let alone the presiding hierarch of an autocephalous church (this last title is not given him even by his “spiritual father”, Mr. Denysenko, the “actual presiding hierarch” and moreover, lifetime “patriarch”).
- Finally, the Serbian Orthodox Church is, by necessity, forced to cease liturgical and canonical communion not only with Mr. Epiphanius Dumenko and his followers, but also with the hierarchs and clergy who concelebrate and enter into communion with them, in accordance with the canonical principal that he who enter into communion with someone who is outside of communion places himself outside communion.
With grief and sadness over the broken unity of the Holy Orthodox Catholic Church, the Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church, again beseeches His All Holiness Patriarch Bartholomew to revise his previous decisions and to reestablish the former blessed love and unity of the local holy Churches of God. Nothing is more necessary nor more precious than love, peace and like-mindedness among brethren.
From the Office of the Holy Synod of Bishops
Π‘ΡΠ°Π² Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ
Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΌΠ°, Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ (Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π‘Π°Π±ΠΎΡ), Π²Π΅Ρ Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π¦Π°ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π° Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ „ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ ” (primussineparibus), Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ „ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠ°” (primusinterpares), ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ, „ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π²Π°” ΠΈ „ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ” ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π°, Ρ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρ ΡΠ° Π ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΌΠ°, ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, Π³Π»Π°Ρ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΎ „Π³Π»Π°Ρ Π²Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ Ρ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ”: ΠΈΠ· Π¦Π°ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ – ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π³ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎ Π¦Π°ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΆΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅Ρ Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ° Ρ Π΄ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π·Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Ρ Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅. Π Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ° – Π³ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π° Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΎ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎ – Π½Π°ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅.
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π³Π° ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π¦Π°ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Ρ, – Π° ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠΎ, „ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°”, – ΡΡΠ°Π² Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ:
- Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ,,Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ”, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ 1686. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρâ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π° ΠΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° IV, ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρâ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊâ, ΠΈΠ· Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
, ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
,,ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°”, ,,ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½â”, ,,Π΄ΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΡ
â”, ,,ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρâ” ΠΈ ,,Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄â” (Π°Π½Π°Π»â, Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊâ) ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π¦Π°ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΠ°, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ Π¦Π°ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π° Π΄ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅.
- Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π°, ΠΈΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ „ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ” ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° (ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»Π°Π·Ρ), ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π° „Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½Ρ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅”, ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π°, Π° Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ°. Π Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠΊ — ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π³. ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ.
- Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ — ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ „ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ” — ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° (ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΡΡ, Π΄Π°Π½ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ Π¦Π°ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅). Π§ΠΈΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡâ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ°, Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³Ρ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°. Π Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ΅, Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ, ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ±ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ²Π΅Π³Π° ΡΠΎΠ³Π° Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌ, ΠΏΠ°, Π΄Π°ΠΊΠ»Π΅, ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π΅Π·ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π·Π° Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΡ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Ρ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Ρ.
- Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ,,ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ” ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³, Π΅ΠΊΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΡΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° (ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡâΠΌ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ
), Π° Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ, Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅, ,,ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°”, Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³Π° Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π³. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ (Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅) ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ, Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ (ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡ Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ² ,,Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ”, Π³. ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ, ,,ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Ρ” ΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅, Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ,,ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ
”).
- ΠΠ°ΡΠ·Π°Π΄, Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊâ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π³. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π±Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡâΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΈ Π²Π°Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°.
ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΡΡΡΡΠΈ Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π° ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π²Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ±Π°Π² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΠΠΎΠΆΡΠΈΡ . ΠΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈ, ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΠ· ΠΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°
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