IRINEJ
BY THE GRACE OF GOD
BISHOP OF EASTERN AMERICA
OF THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
Most beloved Clergy and Monastics, Sons and Daughters,
faithful Children of the Eastern American Diocese of our Most Holy Church!
It is with abounding joy emanating from a paternal heart,
that We greet you on this most radiant and auspicious occasion
in our collective history, both sacred and secular:
THE CENTENNIAL
OF THE FOUNDING OF THE FIRST DIOCESE
IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND CANADA
OF THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
1921 – 2021
“There is a time for everything,
and a season for every activity under the heavens,
I have seen the burden God has laid on the human race.
He has made everything beautiful in its time.
He has also set eternity in the human heart;
yet, no one can fathom what God has done from beginning to end.
I know that everything God does will endure forever;
nothing can be added to it and nothing taken from it.”
(Ecclesiastes 3:1, 10-11 & 14)
Heaven and earth rejoice with us during this, the 100th Anniversary of the founding of the first Diocese of our Serbian Orthodox Church, here in the United States of America and Canada: for the Sun of the East has kissed the soil of the West.
In these echoing conceptual thoughts of our founder and first administrator, the Holy Bishop Nicholai of Zhicha and Ochrid, we find the profound faith of Saint Sava, indeed, our Orthodox Christian faith, incarnate in our Serbian lands and hearts, uniquely through our culture and tradition. Now, the same has been firmly planted, here, in these United States of America and Canada. An ancient faith has now blossomed in a new land, and that which was scattered has been gathered, thus fulfilling the words of our Savior, “Behold, I make all things new!” (Rev. 21:5).
In anticipation of that newness of life, immigrating to North America, our Serbian people brought with them an acute awareness of their Orthodox faith and Serbian heritage. Coupled with the freedom of religion which they encountered, they hastened to erect churches and as such lay the very foundations for their new, collective home and life. The first Serbian Orthodox church in America was built in 1894 in Jackson, California, under the patronage of the Venerable Archimandrite Sebastian of Jackson, himself, the first Orthodox priest born in America, and son of an immigrant family. The church was built at the hands of Serbian miners from the West Coast, who dedicated their new temple to Saint Sava.
Relying on the abiding protection of Saint Sava, Serbian immigrants prayed in anticipation of the continued growth of their fledgling communities in North America. Subsequently, a church was erected in Galveston, Texas, and by 1919, another 30 churches had been established in the states of Pennsylvania, Alaska, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Kansas, Montana and Ohio, as well as Canada. Prior to the establishment of a Serbian Diocese in America and Canada in 1921, our parishes were under the patronage of the Russian Orthodox Metropolia in North America, for which our Church and our Serbian people remain deeply grateful.
As the young prince Rastko, who was received and tonsured in the Russian Athonite Monastery of St. Panteleimon,and went on from Chilandar Monastery to seek autocephality for the Serbian Orthodox Church, the Serbian clergy of the Pittsburgh Protopresbyterate wrote in April 1921 to His Holiness Patriarch Dimitrije, the first Patriarch of the reunited Serbian Orthodox Church (1920), noting their firm resolve and heartfelt desire for unification with their own Mother Church:
“On St. Demetrius Day, 1913, Orthodox Serbs held a Church Convention in the city of Chicago at which the clergy together with representatives of church-school congregations and mutual-aid organizations unanimously decided to place the Church here under the jurisdiction of the Belgrade Metropolitanate; and since your Metropolitanate has been a place of suffering for several years, this could not be achieved despite all the efforts of Your Holiness.
“Therefore, now that the Resurrected Patriarchate has gathered up all the dismembered parts of the Serbian Church—this still unorganized overseas fragment wishes organically and legally to join the Mother Church.”
Thus, it was on the 24th of January in 1921, that the Holy Bishop Nicholai of Ochrid arrived for the second time in the United States of America. Now, in his person, for the first time, a hierarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church stepped foot on these shores. He was to remain for the following three and a half months and to deliver approximately 140 lectures and homilies in America’s finest universities and cathedrals, as well as in smaller parish churches and missionary congregations. Importantly, for us, one hundred years ago, the endeavors of this saintly bishop brought about the inception of the first diocese of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the United States of America and Canada. Let us rejoice in this newness of life, for truly we have great cause for joy, as our first diocese on this continent was founded by a saint of such renown!
Having gathered many of our clergy and their faithful, by visiting numerous Serbian churches, schools and social centers, as he could not visit them all, Bishop Nicholai issued a Paschal Encyclical that year, 1921, to all Serbian parishes in North America.
As the poet author of Ecclesiastes before him, who, having seen God in the burdens of humanity, the timeliness of beauty, and eternity laid in the hearts of humankind, understood that in Divine economy there is an appointed time for everything, and a season for every activity under the heavens:
“For my part, I shall endeavor to be a faithful interpreter of the soul of our people in America before the Serbian Patriarch and Holy Synod. I shall endeavor to describe the difficulties, efforts and labors of our priests, both secular and monastic, in this country, in religious as well as educational-cultural work. I shall tell them that our people here have not neglected their church and school, their baptismal name, and other sacred and fine customs despite their difficult, arduous labor for a livelihood. And it is already well known to them and all our people in the Homeland, from beggar to King, what financial sacrifices you made in the last wars and how much aid you sent to those who suffered in the war, especially to the Red Cross and war orphans.”
Predicated on the persuasive report of Bishop Nicholai of Ochrid, the Holy Assembly of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church, convening in Sremski Karlovci, under the presidency of Patriarch Dimitrije, on September 13th, 1921, established the first Diocese of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the United States of America and Canada. In turn, Bishop Nicholai was appointed administrator of this nascent Serbian Diocese in North America. He was succeeded in 1923 by the Holy Bishop Mardarije of Libertyville, a man of unparalleled sacrifice and vision, who become the first Bishop of the American and Canadian Diocese.
Bishop Mardarije would erect the first Serbian Orthodox monastery in the United States, in Libertyville, Illinois. This monastery, dedicated to Saint Sava, which initially served as an orphanage, has evolved into the spiritual epicenter of our entire Church on this continent.
Following suit, individuals such as Nikola Tesla and Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin, as well as many other remarkable figures in American society, significantly secured the foundations of the Serbian American community. Mihajlo Pupin, to whom the personality of Saint Sava served as an inspiration in his scientific work, exemplified himself as a great benefactor of Saint Sava Monastery in Libertyville. While in New York, the Holy Bishop Nicholai established the Serbian Bible Institute. As a prolific author, in 1951, he published The Life of Saint Sava in the English language, which was, in the words of Professor Veselin Kesich, “an account of an unusual saint, written by an unusual bishop”.
Through the testimony of a certain bishop, Irinej by name, a contemporary of Saint Sava, history attributes to Saint Sava the following exposé: “We are considered to be East by the West and West by the East, while we belong neither to the East nor the West, but only to the Heavenly Jerusalem”. This is both our uniquely Serbian and common Orthodox ethos, our creative might of interaction with the world and our contribution to contemporary society, which is no longer merely East nor merely West. The same must become in unity: “a harmony of elevated emotion, intellect and will power”, according to the Holy Nicholai. Thus, in describing America, he aptly notes:
“The light of the East and the light of the West will rest at their noon on the continent, which lies between East and West...”
In that light of noon, Lord, make us worthy to behold Your Light, in order that we may fulfill St. Nicholai’s prayerful admonishment to American church leaders in 1921 to “make plans as large as the world and efforts as hard as those of the apostles”; and “to prepare for a sacrifice as holy and as universal as Yours”. For in these troubled times, only exalted endeavors, arising from a strong faith, will be able to sustain those who are apprehensive. Therefore, in celebrating this Centennial, profoundly inspired by the words of our saintly founder, let us reiterate his “only sincere question of a historian to history”, as our own:
“History, tell me who you are, so that I may know who I am?”
Given in New York,
On the 13th of September in the Year of our Lord 2021
YOUR HUMBLE INTERCESSOR BEFORE THE THRONE OF SAINT SAVA,
+IRINEJ
BISHOP OF EASTERN AMERICA
THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
ΠΠ ΠΠEJ
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ
ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ§ΠΠ
Π‘Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠ Π¦Π ΠΠΠ
ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΠΌ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ,
Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅!
Π‘Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡΡΡΠ°
ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ, ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ
Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ:
100. ΠΠΠΠΠ¨ΠΠΠ¦Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠ
ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ Π₯ΠΠΠ Π‘Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠ Π¦Π ΠΠΠ
Π£ Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ§ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ
1921 – 2021
„Π‘Π²Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°
ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅Π±Π΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅;
ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ³ Π΄Π°ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π±Π°Π²Π΅.
ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅, ΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅.
Π§Π°ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°,
Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ Π΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°;
Π‘Π°Π·Π½Π°ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°,
Π΄Π° ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎΠ³Π° Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ·ΠΌΠ΅.“
(ΠΡΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°: 3,1; 3,10-11; 3,14)
ΠΠ΅Π±ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π°Ρ, Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ° 100. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ²Π΅ Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΠΎΠ²Π΄Π΅, Π½Π° ΡΠ»Ρ Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Π΅, „jΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°“.
Π£ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π·Π²ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ Π²Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠ° ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ ΠΡ ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³, Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ Π‘Π°Π²Π΅, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°, Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ· Π½Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²Π΄Π΅, Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ, Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π‘ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³: „ΠΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ!“ (ΠΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ 21:5).
Π£ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΎ, Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ³Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π° Ρ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ 1894. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, Ρ ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π‘Π΅Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³, ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Ρ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅. Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Ρ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ³Π»Π΅ ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π°Π²ΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ Π‘Π°Π²Π΅, ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π° Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΠ°Π»Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ Π’Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π° Π΄ΠΎ 1919. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡ 30 ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° Ρ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ°, ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΈΡΡ, ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Ρ, ΠΠ°Π½Π·Π°ΡΡ, ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΡ Π°ΡΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄ΠΈ 1921. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ, Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ° Π₯ΠΈΠ»Π°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎ Π΄Π° Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π° Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΡ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Ρ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Ρ, ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° 1921. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΏΠΈΡΠΌΠΎ ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ (1920. Π³.), ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠΌ:
„ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ° 1913. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π§ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π³Ρ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π° Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Ρ Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠ΅; Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° Π²Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ.“
„Π‘ΡΠΎΠ³Π°, ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ»Π° ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π΄Π°Π½Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ.“
ΠΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ 24. ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ° 1921. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ ΠΡ
ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π°. Π’Π°Π΄Π°, ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡ, Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠ°ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ 140 ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π° Π½Π°Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ Π²Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ²Π° Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ° Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Ρ Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠ³ Π·Π° ΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ²Ρ Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½!
ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅, 1921. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Ρ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π»Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ ΠΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅, Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ³Π° Ρ Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π»Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎ Π΄Π° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ²Π΅, ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π° Π·Π° ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅:
„Π‘Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅, Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΌ Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈΡ , Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ. Π Π΅ΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠ²Π΄Π΅ Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ. Π ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π²Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΆΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ Π¦ΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ°.“
ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠ°, Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π‘Π°Π±ΠΎΡ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½ 13. ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ° 1921. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Ρ Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π° ΠΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ²Ρ ΠΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Ρ Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄ΠΈ. Π’Π°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅Π½ Π·Π° Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π³Π° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΆΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ 1923. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΈ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏ ΠΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΠ΅, Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ½ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ°, Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»Ρ, Ρ ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π°Π²ΠΈ, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ±ΡΠ·ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ.
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π’Π΅ΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°, Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎ-Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΡΠΏΠΈΠ½, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ Π‘Π°Π²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ, ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ° Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ Π‘Π°Π²Π΅ Ρ ΠΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΡ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π° Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ, 1951. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ „ΠΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ Π‘Π°Π²Π΅” Π½Π° Π΅Π½Π³Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°, „Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏ“.
ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π° Π‘Π°Π²Π΅, ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π°Π²ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ: „ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΎ Π½ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΡ Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Ρ, Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΠ΅Π±Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ“. ΠΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠΎΡ, Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π±Π°Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄. ΠΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ: „ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΡΠ·Π΄ΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π°Π³Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅“, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ. OΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅:
„Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π° Ρ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°..."
Π£ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π²Π° ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅, ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΎ Π’Π²ΠΎΡΡ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠ° Π΄Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠ° Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° 1921. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π΄Π° „ΠΈΠ·Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π² ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ΅“; „ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅ ββΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΆΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π’Π²ΠΎΡΠ°“. ΠΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅. Π‘ΡΠΎΠ³Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ, Π΄ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ „ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ“, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ:
„ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΈ, Π΄Π° Π±ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°!“
ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΡ,
13. ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°, ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π³ 2021. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅
ΠΠΠ¨ Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ,
+ΠΠ ΠΠEJ
ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ§ΠΠ
Π‘Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠ Π¦Π ΠΠΠ








